Austin, Texas - Wikipedia. Austin, Texas. City. City of Austin. Nickname(s): "Live Music Capital of the World", "Silicon Hills", "ATX", "City of the Violet Crown"Location in the U. S. state of Texas. Location in Texas, United States & North America. Coordinates: 3. 0°1.

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N9. 7°4. 4′W / 3. N 9. 7. 7. 33°W / 3. Coordinates: 3. 0°1. N9. 7°4. 4′W / 3. N 9. 7. 7. 33°W / 3.

Country United States. State Texas. Counties.

Hays, Travis, Williamson. Settled. 18. 35. Incorporated. December 2. 7, 1.

Named for. Stephen F. Austin. Government • Type. Council–manager • Mayor. Steve Adler(D) • City manager. Elaine Hart. Area • City.

Land. 26. 4. 9 sq mi (6. Water. 6. 9 sq mi (1.

Metro. 4,2. 85. 7. Elevation. 48. 9 ft (1. Population (2. 01. City. 96. 6,8. 60 (1. Density. 3,3. 58. Metro. 2,0. 56,4. Demonym. Austinite.

Time zone. CST (UTC- 6) • Summer (DST)CDT (UTC- 5)ZIP code. Area code(s)5. 12 & 7. FIPS code. 48- 0. GNIS feature ID1. Interstates. U. S. Routes. Website. Official website.

Austin ( ( listen)[4], AHST- uhn) is the capital of the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties.

It is the 1. 1th- most populous city in the United States and the 4th- most populous city in Texas. It is the fastest growing large city in the United States[5][6] and the second most populous state capital in the U. S after Phoenix, Arizona.[7] As of the U. S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2. Austin has a population of 9.

Located in Central Texas in the foothills of Texas Hill Country, the city is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways including Lady Bird Lake, Barton Springs, Mc. Kinney Falls, the Colorado River, Lake Travis, and Lake Walter E. Long. It is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,0.

July 1, 2. 01. 6. It is the most populous state capital in the United States that isn't the most populous city in a state. In the 1. 83. 0s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River.

In 1. 83. 9, the site was officially chosen to replace Houston as the new capital of the Republic of Texas and was incorporated under the name Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas" and the republic's first secretary of state. The city subsequently grew throughout the 1.

Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin.[9] After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a major city and, by the 1. A number of Fortune 5. Austin, including Amazon. Apple Inc., Cisco, e.

Bay, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, Paypal, Texas Instruments, 3. M, and Whole Foods Market.[1. Dell's worldwide headquarters is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin.

Residents of Austin are known as Austinites.[1. They include a diverse mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high- tech workers, blue- collar workers, and a vibrant LGBT community.[1.

The city's official slogan promotes Austin as "The Live Music Capital of the World," a reference to the many musicians and live music venues within the city, as well as the long- running PBS TV concert series Austin City Limits.[1. The city also adopted "Silicon Hills" as a nickname in the 1.

In recent years, some Austinites have also adopted the unofficial slogan "Keep Austin Weird,"[1. In the late 1. 9th century, Austin was known as the "City of the Violet Crown" because of the colorful glow of light across the hills just after sunset.[1. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term "Violet Crown" in their name. Austin is known as a "clean- air city" for its stringent no- smoking ordinances that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars.[1. The FBI ranked Austin as the second- safest major city in the U.

S. for the year 2. U. S. News & World Report named Austin the best place to live in the U. S. in 2. 01. 7.[2.

History[edit]Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of human habitation since at least 9. BC. The area's earliest known inhabitants lived during the late Pleistocene (Ice Age) and are linked to the Clovis culture around 9. BC (1. 1,2. 00 years ago), based on evidence found throughout the area and documented at the much- studied Gault Site, midway between Georgetown and Fort Hood.[2. When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area.

The Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area.[2. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa- Olivares- Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, though few permanent settlements were created for some time.[2.

In 1. 73. 0, three missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in this area for only about seven months, and then was moved to San Antonio de Béxar and split into three missions.[2. Early in the 1. 9th century, Spanish forts were established in what are now Bastrop and San Marcos.[2. Following Mexico's independence, new settlements were established in Central Texas, but growth in the region was stagnant because of conflicts with the regional Native Americans.[2.

In 1. 83. 5–1. 83. Texans fought and won independence from Mexico.

Texas thus became an independent country with its own president, congress, and monetary system. After Vice President Mirabeau B. Lamar visited the area during a buffalo- hunting expedition between 1. Houston, be relocated to the area situated on the north bank of the Colorado River near the present- day Congress Avenue Bridge. In 1. 83. 9, the Texas Congress formed a commission to seek a site for a new capital to be named for Stephen F. Austin.[2. 9]Mirabeau B.

Lamar, second president of the newly formed Republic of Texas, advised the commissioners to investigate the area named Waterloo, noting the area's hills, waterways, and pleasant surroundings.[3. Waterloo was selected and the name Austin was chosen as the town's new name.[3.

The location was seen as a convenient crossroads for trade routes between Santa Fe and Galveston Bay, as well as routes between northern Mexico and the Red River.[3. An 1. 87. 3 illustration of Edwin Waller's layout for Austin. Edwin Waller was picked by Lamar to survey the village and draft a plan laying out the new capital.[2. The original site was narrowed to 6. Colorado River between two creeks, Shoal Creek and Waller Creek, which was later named in his honor. The 1. 4- block grid plan was bisected by a broad north- south thoroughfare, Congress Avenue, running up from the river to Capital Square, where the new Texas State Capitol was to be constructed.

A temporary one- story capitol was erected on the corner of Colorado and 8th Streets. On August 1, 1. 83. The grid plan Waller designed and surveyed now forms the basis of downtown Austin.

In 1. 84. 0, a series of conflicts between the Texas Rangers and the Comanches, known as the Council House Fight and the Battle of Plum Creek, finally pushed the Comanches westward, mostly ending conflicts in Central Texas.[3. Settlement in the area began to expand quickly. Travis County was established in 1. Initially, the new capital thrived. But Lamar's political enemy, Sam Houston, used two Mexican army incursions to San Antonio as an excuse to move the government.

Sam Houston fought bitterly against Lamar's decision to establish the capital in such a remote wilderness. The men and women who traveled mainly from Houston to conduct government business were intensely disappointed as well. By 1. 84. 0, the population had risen to 8. Austin when Congress recessed.[3.

The resident Black population listed in January of this same year was 1.